10 Types of Screws and their Heads

From woodworking to metalworking and everything in between, screws play a crucial role in building structures and assembling components. Today, we’ll shine a spotlight on 10 types of screws, showcasing their distinctive heads and the tasks they excel in.

Countersunk Screw

This type of screw is used in lumber where it is sunk with its head under the material’s surface, and it is later filled with filler or wood plug. It is easy to work with and is used for joining two materials where both of them are heavy-weight. The sizes for a countersunk screw vary, and the best way to determine size is to measure the threaded part of the screw with calipers.

You can then choose a little smaller drill bit to make a pilot hole based on that measurement. According to the Unified Thread Standard, 82 degrees is the most typical countersink angle for screws. Countersinks are instruments with a cone-shaped tip used to adjust an already-existing pilot hole. They come in different angles to correspond with the head angle of a specific screw.

Pan Head Screws

These screws are majorly used as machine screws and have flat heads with two rounded sides. They are generally used in the application of metal elements where the tapered side remains on the underside of the head and can be used in different shapes and sizes. The pan head screws are available in various sizes, ranging from M2 to M8 in the metric scale, and from 1/8 inches to 2 inches in imperial inches.

They are available in both coarse and fine threads, which makes them suitable for various applications. The pan head screws are often used in conjunction with other fasteners, such as nuts and bolts, to secure components together, and are available in different materials, such as steel, stainless steel, and plastic. The Philips slot makes the pan head screws easy to drive without damaging the surface of the material.

Self-Drilling Screws

These screws are designed to drill their hole and are commonly used in metal construction. They have a sharp point that eliminates the need for pre-drilling pilot holes.

These screws are commonly used in metal construction due to the sharp point that allows them to penetrate the material effectively without the need for a separate drilling process. This feature makes self-drilling screws highly efficient and time-saving, especially in applications where multiple screws need to be installed quickly and securely.

Set Screws

These screws are used to hold two parts together and are designed to be tightened against a surface. They do not have a head and are threaded along their entire length. Set screws can be made with a variety of drive styles, including hex, square, slot, or recessed cross.

They are available in different materials, such as brass, alloy steel, stainless steel, or nylon, depending on the application. Set screws are not always the best way to resist the torque of driven shafts, and they may require a detent or flat to ensure proper alignment and prevent slipping. They are not recommended for reuse due to the deflection of the knurls’ cutting edges when tightened.

Round Head Screws

 These screws offer a more finished appearance than some other rounded screw alternatives and are used for applications where aesthetics and smooth appearances are necessary. The materials are chosen for their durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion.

Steel is the most common material used for manufacturing screws, while stainless steel is often used in applications where corrosion resistance is important. Brass-plated steel is used for applications where aesthetics and smooth appearances are necessary, as it provides a clean and professional look.

Flat Head Screws

These screws are countersunk and allow for a flat and smooth surface post-installation. They are used in applications like furniture and machinery assembly, where sleek design is important. Ceramic Alumina Flat Head Screws, for example, are designed for use in extremely high temperature and non-conductive applications.

They are made from advanced ceramic materials such as alumina and zirconia, which provide superior strength and durability in extreme conditions. These screws are often used in aerospace and automotive applications, where high-temperature resistance and non-conductivity are essential for ensuring safety and reliability.

Pan Head Screws

Pan head screws are non-countersunk screws that typically have a mushroom-shaped head with a flat bottom. They are generally employed when the screw head is visible and are quite adaptable. Often used in metalwork, woodwork, and machinery.

Common coatings used for pan head screws in machinery include zinc plating, black oxide, and yellow zinc chromate. These coatings provide additional corrosion resistance and durability, making them suitable for use in harsh environments and high-stress applications. Additionally, some pan head screws may be coated with a dry film lubricant, such as molybdenum disulfide, to reduce friction and improve assembly efficiency.

Hex Flange Head Screws

 Hex flange heads also provide great torque and dependability, even in harsh conditions. They’re commonly used for construction, heavy machinery, and vehicle framing applications. They are commonly used for construction, heavy machinery, and vehicle framing applications.

These screws have a hexagonal head with a flange, which provides a larger bearing surface and distributes the load more effectively, making them ideal for applications where high torque and reliability are essential.

Euro Screws

These screws are specifically designed for use with European-style cabinet hinges and drawer slides. They include a unique 5mm diameter shank, a partial thread, and a flat head that makes it simple to adjust and firmly attach hinges and slides to cabinet panels. They are specifically designed for use with European-style cabinet hinges and drawer slides and have a flat head, partial thread, and a special 5mm diameter shank. They are used for easy adjustment and secure attachment of hinges and slides to cabinet panels.

Euro Screws are available from various suppliers, including HardwareHut.com, Amazon.com, ROK Hardware, Richelieu Hardware, and Pro Cabinet Supply. They are often used with Blum, Grass, or similar hinge plates and drawer slides, and are ideal for installing European drawer slides or European hinges into cabinets with a 32mm line bore pattern.